(Grammar) -예요, -가, -이, and 가깝다

-예요? is nothing but the abbreviated form of '-이에요?' after nouns ending with a vowels including '이'.

• 어디예요? where is it?
• 누구예요? who is it?

-가  marks the subject of a verb or descriptive verb. It is oftenly omitted in conversation, and can be replaced with a short pause. -가 follow nouns which end with a vowel.

• 학교가 멀어요? Is the school far?
• 학교가 멀러료. The school is far.
• 가게가 가까워요? Is the shop nearby?
• 가게가 가까워요. The shop is nearby.

-이 is exactly same meaning as -가. -이 follow nouns which ends with a consonant.

• 그 집이 좋아요? Is that house good?
• 그 집이 안좋아요. That house is not good.
• 옷이 싸요? Are the clothes cheap?
• 옷이 싸요. The clothes are cheap.

가깝다 means near. In the dictionary all the root words are written with -다 at the back of the word. Because, that -다 will be dropped and  will be added with any ending according to what you want to say. If you want to say 'The school is near', you just need to say 학교가 가까워요. 'ㅂ' at the stem-final position of 가갑  is changed into 우.

happy studying~

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